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Beyond the "Sandwich Model": Is the Brain’s Decision-Making Process an Illusion?
For decades, the standard scientific narrative regarding human behavior has followed a comfortable, linear path: we perceive the world, we deliberate on that information, and then we act. This "sandwich model"—sensory input followed by cognitive processing, ending in motor output—has served as the bedrock for countless studies in cognitive neuroscience. However, according to Tom James,…
